Business Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Business - Coursework Example Gulf restaurant incorporates services of highly qualified and proficient staff from the Middle East to facilitate the preparation of products and services. The management team consists of my partner and me as joint directors of the business. He will head the finance and human resource department while I manage the marketing, sales and operational activities. Since we are the sole owners, we provide the entire capital for investing in the business. We both bring in our exceptional expertise, in the various fields of academic qualification for the success of the business. The mission statement of Gulf restaurant is a fair profit margin and a rewarding place for employees and customers. The objective is to become leading fast food franchise, serving high quality food products to the esteemed customers. Within the forecast, the business expects to begin slowly, but catch up as it matures. The expected sales will range, with expectations of between $300 to $1000 at the start, and $800 to $3000 when the business gains grounds in the market. The profit margins are marginal as they represent the mission of the business venture. To tackle the desires of the market, we feature in a calculated business strategy for facilitating services to the customers, which will help the business achieve its objectives. Gulf restaurant is an idea conceived from my visit to the Arabic gulf, particularly when I visited The United Arabs Emirates in the past two years. In the city of Dubai, there are several western and European restaurants, offering ready restaurant services including cuisines, desserts and main dishes among other recipes on their menu. To my dismay on arriving to this place, the tourist, business people alongside all other people of different colours, flocked various restaurants all requesting for the local foods of the Arabic origin. This caught my attention, creating an interest to establish the secret to the success of western restaurants in the Arabic

The Rights of Immigrants to Have an Education Essay Example for Free

The Rights of Immigrants to Have an Education Essay Since the founding of the United States, more than 55 million immigrants from every continent have settled here. Every wave of immigration has faced fear and hostility from both ordinary citizens and government especially during times of economic hardship, political turmoil or war. Coming to the United States, Immigrants do not receive the same amount of rights that actual citizens do. One of the many things immigrants lack in the United States is the right to an education. Today immigrants face a great amount of troubles. These troubles are very similar to the ones the Jews faced during the Holocaust. These troubles have definitely gone against the catholic social teachings that are in todays society. In todays society there are major Principles of Catholic Social Teaching. â€Å"The Churchs social teaching is a rich treasure of wisdom about building a just society and living lives of holiness amidst the challenges of modern society† describes how important these principles are (www. usccb. org). Some of these include; dignity of a human person, Community and the common good, and Rights and responsibilities. Dignity of a human person is described when people are sacred, made in the image and likeness of God. People do not lose dignity because of disability, poverty, age, lack of success, or race. The emphasis is on people over things, being over having. Community and the common good is when the human person is both sacred and social. We realize our dignity and rights in relationship with others, in community. As Saint Paul said, We are one body: when one suffers, we all suffer. We are called to respect all of Gods gifts of creation, to be good stewards of the earth and each other. Rights and responsibilities have to do with people having a fundamental right to life, food, shelter, health care,education, and employment. All people have a right to participate in the decisions that affect their lives. Like Ronald Reagan once said â€Å"Freedom prospers when religion is vibrant and the rule of law under God is acknowledged. † A couple more principles of catholic social teaching are Option for the poor, Dignity of work, and Solidarity. Option for the poor is the moral test of a society is how it treats its most vulnerable members. The poor have the most urgent moral claim on the conscience of any community. We are called to look at public policy decisions in terms of how they affect the poor. â€Å"As followers of Christ, we are challenged to make a preferential option for the poor, namely, to create conditions for marginalized voices to be heard, to defend the defenseless, and to assess lifestyles, policies and social institutions in terms of their impact on the poor† is a great quote which describes what is done for potion for the poor (socialconcerns. nd. edu). Dignity of work is when people have a right to decent and productive work, fair wages, private property, and economic initiative. The economy exists to serve people, not the other way around. Work is important even though it isn’t always appreciated by everyone, like Abraham Lincoln once said: â€Å"My father taught me to work; he did not teach me to love it. † And finally solidarity is that we are one human family. Our responsibilities to each other cross national, racial, economic, and ideological differences. We are called to work globally for justice. All of these principle make up what we as catholics are supposed to follow in our everyday lives. However sometimes these principles arent followed correctly. One of he ways that the principles of catholic social teaching were violated would be during the holocaust. The Jews were part of the largest genocides in history. A genocide is a mass killing of a specific race. The killing of the Jews totally went against the principles of catholic social teaching. Principles like dignity of a human person, Community and the common good, and Rights and responsibilities were all violated during the holocaust. Jewish people were being killed in large amounts and by the end the Jewish race had their dignity taken away from them. The quote â€Å"It is a very specific term, referring to violent crimes committed against groups with the intent to destroy the existence of the group† describes how a genocide has such a negative impact (www. ushmm. org). The Jews had lost a sense of community as well. They had their rights broken and the Jews did not receive national unity that was known as solidarity. Largely the Jews were denied a right to life. This mass killing was a horrible event for the Jewish people and it is still spoken about and studied today. Similar but not exactly like Jews, Immigrants were denied rights. A right in specific that they were denied was the right to an education. â€Å"Education is a fundamental human right and essential for the exercise of all other human rights† which shows how education is an extremely important right to humans (www. unesco. org). Immigrants have come into this country for thousands of years and they have not fully received the rights they deserve. The right to an education is one of he largest rights they are denied. Education for a person is one of the most important things there is. Being denied the right to an education effects the person not only right then but in the future when they are trying to get a job and live on their life. Immigrants such as children were impacted the most due to the fact that at such a young age education was most important and as they grow up education is what they need most but is what they will get least. One major principle of catholic social teaching that this violated was rights and responsibility which was immensely violated in this situation. That violation is very similar to they way the Jews rights and responsibilities were violated. Both Immigrants and Jews were denied the right of something which had a large impact on their lives. Just like in the past when the Jews and Immigrants were denied rights it also happen today. Today both Immigrants and Jews are denied those same rights. However things have evolved so the denial of these rights doesnt happen as often but that doesnt mean that its nonexistent. John F Kennedy once said â€Å"The rights of every man are diminished when the rights of one man are threatened† which relates to how Jews and Immigrants were denied rights. Because of what happen in the past makes it happen in the present. If the events with the Jews and Immigrants didnt happen than today there would be no chance for their rights to be denied today. However there are other injustices that occur today. The principles of catholic social teaching are violated everyday. Events like getting laid off or not getting hired because of specific trait that person observes violate dignity to work. Also people look down on the poor and don’t look for ways to help them which violates option for the poor. Another principle that is violated in todays society would be dignity of a human person because of reasons like when a person is mistreated criminally. And finally community and common good can be violated when a person goes against the rules that are set down to keep things in order. This topic of the Rights of Immigrants to have an education does have a personal connection to me. When my uncle was around my age he came to America from Ireland. He was only trying to make a better live for himself, however he believed education was important. Being as young as he was he had trouble getting and education which limited his chance for a bright future. However he was determined to get a good education. By his 20s he had succeed in getting a education which lead to him getting a job and making a living. My uncle Denis believed that education was one of the most important things in life and he still does. He once told me that â€Å"Education is what will get you far, noting else† and he was right because of this attitude he was able to get a great job as an owner of a company. He has been successful in his business an has been given several awards. He admits that getting an education was difficult and it was only because of his attitude that he was able to get an education. As catholics we are thought to live up to the Lord. One of the ways to do so is by following the catholic social teachings in todays society. Many things go against these catholic social teachings even though they are valued principles. These principles have been broken in the past and will continue to be broken in the future. For example things like the holocaust and immigration have been prime examples of these principles being broken.

Theories of Criminality, Aggression and Violence

Theories of Criminality, Aggression and Violence Criminal Psychology George C. Wall Crime will affect every one of us one way or another at some point in our life. We may not be the one who is victimized but it may be a family member or neighbor, but we are still affected in some way. Criminals have many reasons why they choose that lifestyle, whether it is a psychological defect or just a way to make it through life, they all have their reasons. If we can find the reason for the crime then we may be able to start combating it and help change those who commit crime. There are many factors that cause a person to choose the criminal lifestyle. There are psychological factors as well as social risk factors when it comes to crime and these factors have different effects on people. When we examine the various psychological risk factors we look at the cognitive and language deficiencies, the individual’s intelligence, conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 45). These psychological issues can affect the way a person learns proper behavior and affects the way they assimilate into society. The way a person learns and interprets what they are taught can make a difference in the way they behave. â€Å"Cognitive and language impairments increase the risk of antisocial behavior, at least in boys† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 47). Antisocial behavior is a key item when it comes to the choice to violate the norms of society and the choice to become a criminal. These impairments can also lead a person to have a lower intelligence level. It is believed that if a person has a low intelligence level then they may be more apt to commit crime, due to their failures in school and these failures can lead to delinquency (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 47). Let us take a moment to look at how conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder apply to criminal psychology. ADHD has three key behaviors, inattention, impulsivity and excessive motor control (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 50). ADHD can contribute to criminal behavior, â€Å"some researchers estimate that about one-fourth of all children with ADHD engage in serious antisocial behavior during childhood and adolescence and criminal behavior as adults (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 51). Another serious condition is called conduct disorder, which is â€Å"characterized by persistent misbehavior† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 52). This misbehavior can lead a person to take on the criminal lifestyle without looking back. The final condition we will look at is oppositional defiant disorder, which is a child who is â€Å"negative, hostile, and defiant, more than is expected for his or her age, and lasting for at least six mon ths† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 54). As with many psychological diagnoses, you can have a person who suffers from any combination of disorders. We have now examined the psychological factors in criminal psychology; now let us look at the social factors. The social factors include issues such as poverty, peer rejection, poor preschool child care, school failure, association with antisocial peers and the lack of proper after school care (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pgs. 31-37). The various social factors can be present in any level of society from the wealthy to the poor. When we talk about those who live in poverty it is important to recognize that â€Å"the great majority of poor children and adults are law-abiding citizens† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg 33). There is some connection between poverty and crime but it is not always the case, â€Å"while people in poverty might commit crimes of desperation, white-collar criminals often commit crimes of opportunity† (Vogel, 2008). Early peer rejection is a social factor that can cause a normally happy and compliant child to turn into a hostile antisocial child. â€Å"One of the strongest predictors of later involvement in antisocial behavior is early rejection by peers† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 33). When a child is rejected by their peers they must fulfill that need for acceptance somewhere, they tend to find each other and only interact with each other. â€Å"During the adolescent years, involvement with antisocial peers shows a robust and consistent relationship to delinquency, drug use, and a range of other problematic behaviors† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 34). Poor preschool care and the lack of proper after school care can also contribute to antisocial and criminal behavior. Preschool is often a child’s first lengthy interactions they have outside of their immediate family. Preschool is also where they begin to develop their social, language and learning skills. â€Å"Poor-quality child care has been reported to put children’s development at risk for poorer language, poor cognitive development, and lower ratings of social and emotional adjustment† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 36). This poor development goes hand in hand with the psychological issues of inadequate cognitive and language development. Proper after school care can also help prevent antisocial behavior. It is believed that children who are by themselves for large amounts of time after school tend to develop behavior problems (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 37). Organizations within the community can make a difference in a child’s life, â€Å"day-care cent ers that open their doors to children after school hours or community groups that offer after-school programs in troubled neighborhoods can make a positive difference† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 37). School failure also plays a role in the development of antisocial and criminal behavior. Again, we can see where school failure can affect the cognitive and language development of an individual. â€Å"School failure eventually affects the community through higher rates of crime†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Poole, 1997). In today’s world the lack of education limits a person on what jobs they can perform and who will hire them. This lack of employment can cause a person that normally would obey the law to become a criminal just to survive. In trying to understand the mind of a criminal we must consider all factors that created the person we are studying. These risk factors, rather they are psychological or social play a role in the development of antisocial and criminal behavior. In addition to risk factors we must also study human aggression and violence. These risk factors will affect how a person handles aggression and violence since the way they develop coping methods can be affected by the way they learn to be a part of society. There are many theories on aggression and violence in humans. Some scientists believe that â€Å"humans are born aggressive and naturally violent, or born relatively free of aggressive tendencies† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 111). The human being is able to develop the ability to control the aggression and violence through various learning methods. When the negative psychological and social issues develop we are unable to develop the proper methods to control ourselves. There have been many different theories and models developed over the years addressing aggression. The psychodynamic viewpoint assumes â€Å"that humans, by their very nature, will always be prone to aggressive impulses and hence are likely to commit violent acts if these impulses are not appropriately managed or held in check† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 112). In addition to the psychodynamic viewpoint you have the ethological viewpoint, which is â€Å"the study of animal behavior in relation to the animal’s natural habitat, and it compares that behavior to human behavior† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 112). In addition to these viewpoints there are various models associated with aggression and violence. The Cognitive-Neoassociation Model that thoughts and memories that are created through our early years are associated with aggression (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 115-116). There is also the Excitation Transfer Theory, which is a â€Å"theory to explain how physiological arousal can generalize from one situation to another† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 116). This theory purposes that a person can be subjected to a negative event and because of that event they carry that anger or frustration to another event. Additionally, there is the Displaced Aggression Theory, â€Å"aggression is displaced when the target is innocent of any wrongdoing but is simply in the wrong place at the wrong time† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 116). An example of this would be where a husband is angry at their wife and someone accidently bumps in to him and in turn they are assaulted. It is difficult to address all the theories to every incident, but we must keep every possibility in our minds when we are evaluating the cause of the aggression or violent act. We have theories to follow as well as some cognitive models of aggression. These models â€Å"have hypothesized that, while observational learning is important in the process, the individual’s cognitive learning is important in the process† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 122). The two models we will look at are the cognitive scripts model and the hostile attribution model. These models examine human behavior and the tendency to be aggressive and violent. The cognitive scripts model believes that â€Å"social behavior in general, and aggressive behavior in particular, is controlled largely by cognitive scripts learned and memorized through daily experiences† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 122). This model states that behaviors and the responses a person has is based on what we all go through in life, our ups and downs. The hostile attribution model believes that people who are violent and aggressive often â€Å"interpret ambiguous actions as hostile and threatening† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 123). These individuals may take a simple shoulder bump as an aggressive action and may become aggressive or violent towards the person. Exposure to violence in mass media has also been attributed to violent and aggressive behavior. Studies suggest that people, who play violent video games, watch violent movies or television shows may be more prone to aggressive and violent behavior (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 131). These theories are often debated within the psychological community itself. There are different theories and approaches to aggressive and violent behavior. There are psychological and social factors that come into play as well. There are some environmental factors can lead to a person to make bad choices in life. Complications during birth, prenatal exposure to nicotine, alcohol and drugs, faulty brain development, and exposure to toxins can all lead to antisocial and criminal behavior (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pgs. 69-73). Exposure to these environmental factors can cause the fetus to develop improperly, which can lead to antisocial behavior (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 69). The criminal mind is a difficult thing to understand. They each have their own reasons for committing crime and even though there are risk factors that can attribute to the choices that an individual may make. Along with all the theories, models and viewpoints we cannot ignore the person that commits the crime, while one of these may apply the end result is that crime was committed and a victim was created. References Bartol, C., Bartol, A. (2014).Criminal behavior a psychological approach. (10th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Poole, D. L. (1997). The SAFE project: Community-driven partnerships in health, mental health, and education to prevent early school failure. Health Social Work, 22(4), 282-9. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/210556291?accountid=159007 Vogel, S. (2008, Aug 24). Does poverty = crime? scholars disagree. McClatchy Tribune Business News. Retrieved February 16, 2014, from http://search.proquest.com/docview/464394103?accountid=159007

Free Richard III Essays: The Power of Seduction :: Richard II Richard III Essays

Richard III: The Power of Seduction The word "seduce" according to Webster's Dictionary means to "tempt and draw away from proper conduct." This is exactly what Richard, Duke of Gloucester/King Richard III accomplishes in Richard III. In Richard's life he does not only move from deformed "hedgehog" to husband, but from "beast" to King. One may ask how such deeds were performed. However, a second look may make the deeds look simple. Richard demonstrated a strong power of seduction throughout the play that not only seduced Lady Anne, but many others. Richard's first conquest by seduction was Lady Anne. In the passage where Anne accused Gloucter of being the cause of her husband's death (I.ii.120-21), Gloucter replies not denying that he was the agent that caused the death. However, he follows by saying to Anne, "Your beauty was the cause of that effect" (I.ii.121). He continues using the excuse that her beauty caused everything. Finally, he actually admits that he killed Anne's husband, but in the same breath he says she caused it. "I did kill King Henry--/[b]ut 'twas thy beauty that provoked me" (I.ii.179-80). This seemingly sick and twisted style of persuasion works in seducing the spitting Lady Anne into becoming his wife. Obviously, by Anne taking the same hand in marriage that killed her former husband; one can see that she was "drawn away from proper conduct." Rhe citizens were also seduced by Richard. However, in Act III.vii. his wits alone did not work the persuasion. He had help from the Bishops, props and Buchingham. The Mayor exclaims to the citizens,"See where his Grace stands, 'tween two clergymen!" (III.vii.95). This is all part of Richard's goodly act. He wants to win the people by being a noble and good man. He wants them to believe that he is not only a moral man, but a modest one. Buchingham proceeds in supporting Richard in this attempt. Buchingham observes Richard and states to the people: Two props of virtue for a Christian prince, To stay him from the fall o vanity; And see, a book of prayer in his hands- True ornaments to know a holy man. (III.vii.96-99). Richard sways the citizens much differently than he persuaded Anne. He persuaded Anne by reminding her that his fault was caused by her beauty. One may say he was playing with her emotions.

Oil Production in Newfoundland and Labrador

Newfoundland and Labrador is the eastern most province of Canada. The majority of the province's population can be found on the island of Newfoundland, as most of the province's source of economy. As the island is located next to the Atlantic ocean, fisheries and fish products have been of the main exports for the province, yet within the last 30-40 years or so, oil has increasingly become an export that contributes to a growing provincial economy.Exploration in Newfoundland waters first began in the 1960s although, there was no rush in finding oil in Newfoundland because at the time, it was much less expensive for oil companies to drill elsewhere in the world. Things changed in 1973 when oil prices increased dramatically and the interest in the possibility of finding oil in Newfoundland also increased. Before any oil was found, but exploration was ongoing, the provincial government of Newfoundland set up a series of regulations on how oil resources were to be developed in the event of discovery, to ensure the maximization of local benefits.In 1979, the Hibernia oil field was discovered, proving that Newfoundland and Labrador had economic potential in the oil industry (Fusco, n. d. ). This discovery meant that the regulations that the provincial government created would have to be implemented. The Hibernia oil field discovery ignited a series of disagreements between the federal government of Canada and the provincial government of Newfoundland.The federal government had their own goals for development and believed that Newfoundland should not have the administrative or decision making authorities for offshore mineral resources, stating that â€Å"oil was too important of a commodity to have under provincial control† (Crosbie, 2003). This dispute resulted in years of legal battles over jurisdiction of offshore projects. In 1985 the Atlantic Accord was signed, this accord initiated a joint management system for the province's offshore resources.The accord also included the creation of the Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board (CNLOPB), a board of six members in charge of managing offshore resources on behalf of both the federal and provincial levels of government (Fusco, n. d. , Fraser, 2009) (See Appendix A for more information on the CNLOPB). Hibernia finally began its oil production in 1997 followed by three more oil field productions; Terra Nova in 2002, WhiteRose in 2005 and Hebron, which is expected to begin production in 2017 (See Appendix B for a map of the locations of oil fields off the coast of Newfoundland). This case study relates to Lesson 9 of the course, which looks at Energy resources that could be found in Canada. Challenges and Opportunities Nearly twenty years passed after the Hibernia oil field was discovered before any official production was made. This demonstrates the magnitude of difficulty the province of Newfoundland experienced just to begin to have oil as one of their main exports.The regulations that Newfoundland and Labrador had implemented after the discovery of Hibernia clearly conflicted with the plans of the federal government, which were to increase profits that would benefit the government of Canada as opposed to the people of Newfoundland. The government of Canada wanted to gain an equity stake in the project with increased royalties during times of high oil prices. Newfoundland's regulations also limited benefits for the oil companies that would be drilling in Hibernia stating that the province was asking for too much and that the companies wanted a fair share of the benefits.Another large obstacle and devastating event surrounding Hibernia, was the sinking of the Ocean Ranger drilling unit, which not only sank completely, undoing all the work that had been done but also resulted in the death of all 84 crew members (Collier, 2010). Investigations later revealed that there were construction flaws and that the crew lacked appropriate training and equipme nt in the event of an emergency. After this disaster, it was decided that Hibernia would be a Gravity Base Structure (GBS), which is an oil platform that is held in place by gravity.Even more challenges were faced with this decision because many of the engineers that worked on the GBS had little experience in this type of structure. Additionally, due to the complicated nature of this project, most of the workforce came from other countries who had more experience which ultimately resulted in less jobs for locals (Fusco, n. d. ). In regards to the environment, oil production in Newfoundland waters, although it may serve as economic gold, also brings the possibility of environmental destruction for the ocean.Since fisheries and fish products are some of Newfoundland's main exports, the fear that exploration and drilling in important areas of fisheries may interfere or damage the overall marine ecosystem is an important challenge. Furthermore, oil spills continue to be one of the oil i ndustry's largest environmental hazards. Not only would the marine ecosystem be affected but any life surrounding the ocean would be permanently damaged (Higgins, 2011). Despite the overwhelming challenges, the overall opportunities that offshore oil production would bring to the province of Newfoundland and Labrador would be worth all of the difficulties.This venture would serve as a boost in the province's general economy which was particularly helpful during the 1990s after the cod fishing industry took a dive for the worst (n. a. , 1998 Fisheries). Not only would the economy be benefitting but the local people would also have new opportunities for employment. All of the challenges that the government of Newfoundland faced in the development stages of this venture ultimately gave the government the experience it needed in order to maintain, control, and manage all future oil field developments.This can be seen in the quick and effective development of the Terra Nova and White Ros e oil fields. There are other issues surrounding the Hebron field, for example, the type of oil that is found in that location is particularly difficult to extract. These issues are part of the reason as to why oil production at Hebron is scheduled to only begin in 2017 (Fusco, n. d. ). Case Lesson Connection In Lesson 9 of the course, it is discussed that crude oil and petroleum contributes to about 31. 3% of the country's energy resources (Mulrennan, Lesson 9, slide 7).Although Alberta has about 39% of Canada's remaining conventional oil reserves, Newfoundland and Labrador offshore developments come second with 28%, not including the oil sands in Alberta, which in that case would account for over 95% of oil in Canada (National Energy Board, 2007). The case study which was examined in Lesson 9 looked implicitly at oil sands in Alberta, in particular, how the extraction of this type of oil is devastating for the environment. Development in Newfoundland is also not environmentally fr iendly, since drilling in the ocean results in the destruction of certain marine habitats.The threat of possible oil spillage that also continues to be an issue. However, both Alberta and Newfoundland and Labrador have been working to tighten regulations surrounding the environmental hazards in oil sands and offshore oil production respectively. The Alberta government has demonstrated through the implementation of regulations and outlined plans for measures in protecting the environment, as well as the CNLOPB in Newfoundland who have also instilled regulations in regards to environment protection.The benefit of having a joint management system, such as the CNLOPB is that the federal government is as involved in all issues surrounding offshore oil, including the environment (Fraser, 2009). Similarly, as per the reading for Lesson 9, the responsibility of the federal government in pollution control and environmental protection is crucial in attaining results on a national level. Refer ences 1. Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board. http://www. cnlopb. nl. ca/ 2. Collier, K. (2010). The loss of the Ocean Ranger, 15 February 1982.Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage Web site. http://www. heritage. nf. ca/society/ocean_ranger. html 3. Environmental Defence (2010). Duty calls: Federal responsibility in Canada's oil sands. Pembina Institute and Equiterre. http://www. econcordia. com/courses/environmental_issues/lesson9/PDF/ed-fedpolicy-report-oct2010-web-redo. pdf 4. Crosbie, J. C. (2003). Overview paper on the 1985 Canada-Newfoundland Atlantic Accord. Royal Commission on Renewing and Strengthening our Position in Canada. 206. Retrieved from http://www. exec. gov. l. ca/royalcomm/research/pdf/Crosbie. pdf 5. Fusco, L. (n. d. ). Offshore oil: an overview of development in Newfoundland and Labrador. Memorial University of Newfoundland. Retrieved from http://www. ucs. mun. ca/~oilpower/documents/NL%20oil%207-25-1. pdf 6. Fraser, G. S. (2009). The Canada -Newfoundland Atlantic Accord implementation act: transparency of the environmental management of offshore oil and gas industry. Marine Policy. 33(2), 312-316. http://0-dx. doi. org. mercury. concordia. ca/10. 1016/j. marpol. 2008. 07. 012 7.Higgins, J. (2011). Oil and the environment. Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage Web site. http://www. heritage. nf. ca/society/oil_environment. html 8. House, J. D. (2003). Myths and realities about petroleum-related development: Lessons for British-Columbia from Atlantic Canada and the North Sea. Journal of Canadian Studies. 37(4), 9-34. http://0-search. proquest. com. mercury. concordia. ca/docview/203556887? accountid=10246 9. National Energy Board. (2007). Canadian Energy Review 2007 – Energy Market Assessment. http://www. neb. gc. a/clf-nsi/rnrgynfmtn/nrgyrprt/nrgyvrvw/cndnnrgyvrvw2007/cndnnrgyvrvw2007-eng. html#s4_4 10. n. a. (1998) Fisheries. Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage Website. http://www. heritage. nf. ca/society/fishery. html 11. Mulrennan, M. E. (2013). Canadian Environmental Issues (GEOG 203) Lesson 9. Concordia University. Appendix A CNLOPB Organization Chart – http://www. cnlopb. nl. ca/pdfs/orgchart. pdf Appendix B Location of Newfoundland oil fields – http://www. cbc. ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2012/05/31/nl-hebron-development-approval-531. html

Global Security: Weapons of Mass Destruction Essay

Since the Cold War, introducing nuclear weapons into the global system was one of the biggest changes that created a global phenomenon even after the year 1945 to the contemporary global politics. It has shaped the crucial aspects of the strategic actions of the states and transformed the international system. After experiencing two catastrophic global conflagrations, the global system has not triggered major wars and intra-regional wars over the post-Cold War period. However, utilising nuclear weapons to prevent world war should be treated with great attention as there are prospects of nuclear proliferation globally. The traditional definition of security is being freedom from danger and risk. However, in this context of the global politics, it perceives ‘security’ as something that makes protection and creates sense of safeness. Thus throughout this essay, it will discuss the meaning of security in the means of how it was created through the influence of nuclear/ weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Firstly, it will analyse the changing attitudes of strategic studies post-Cold War in the developments of nuclear technology proliferation. Moreover, it will critically discuss the influences of the nuclear weapons towards the security model in relations to why states still seek to develop weapon of mass destruction (WMD) in the contemporary global politics. Understanding the terror and recognising of the destruction capabilities of nuclear weapon in the contemporary era can be a challenge to the people of today as the last nuclear weapon detonated in 1945. Subsequently, it is important to observe the historical context of WMD development and study the intention of the WMD. 1940 was the year of the birth of the first nuclear arsenal named as ‘Ivy Mike’. American physicists and their leader Edward teller developed nuclear armaments that was first detonated in 1945, (Balogun, 2011 p. 160) which was defined as; extreme scale immediate mass destruction. The strategic studies of the international relation have drastically changed in the past 20 years. Steve Smith’s The increasing insecurity of Security Studies: Conceptualising Security in the Last Twenty Years (1999) examines some aspect of security study literature in the last two decades. Smith addresses his main analyses of the changed perspective of the core subject nitially concentrated on state and military to human social security. His view of what it is called the security studies in the contemporary system, moves away from the concentrating on the aspect of the military, WMD as the dominant issue but argues that the crucial issue is human security. On the other hand, Andrew O’Neil (2009) approaches the study in different perspective as he argues that WMD continues to act as the central role in international relations and in security studies as still in the contemporary system numerous states continues to value nuclear weapons as the supreme strategic possession for their security. Synder (2000 p. 174) has given the two variables for explaining the dynamics of nuclear proliferations. The operative growth of nuclear arsenals among the superpowers can be identified as ‘vertical proliferation’. Furthermore, significant potential for the spread can be recognised in other technologically capable states to develop nuclear technology and this is recognised as ‘horizontal proliferation’. Increase in producing nuclear technology and actions of testing have developed public’s eye catching concern, which is in relations to both military and environmental crisis. In generating nuclear power into the state it builds the sense of both security for the state conversely insecurity for human and the environment. Acknowledging the power of state after possessing nuclear weapons will definitely achieve security against external threat, nevertheless it is crucial to consider the aspect of economic effect on the state. In obtaining nuclearization, the state must have the capability in economic and technological terms. Developing researches and building nuclear arsenal are phenomenally expensive even to sustain, whether the state is able to begin to build nuclear weapon programs, if the state is incapable to maintain their program effectively it would lead to the chances of misleading the program, thus may cause major threat to its own state. Moreover, nuclear arsenals under the programs can lead into the hands of the ‘rouge state’ (2000 p. 159). External threat of bribery from other rouge states can follow after the financial struggle of opening of the bureaucracy. In the past states have failed to sustain the nuclear system as it is outstandingly costly, Soviet Union is one the example that diminished nuclear program due to lack of finical hold up. In this case, the state should pursue for other survival resources to provide security for their people, for instance; environmental sustainability and enhanced agriculture. Neo –classical realist assesses the state’s power and examines of the consequences of the nuclear proliferation, on why the state pursue changes in its power in relations to their declining power position in the global system. Leaders and decision makers of their states are afraid of the strategic costs in their own actions in trying to achieve further and superior security. The NMD not only profoundly stresses the status quo (2000 p. 171), but it also threatens to create an incongruous actions to other states to produce or prepare a similar level of power of security to counter the external threat. Thus it generates a certain situation as known as; ‘acute security dilemma’ or a ‘cascade’ of nuclear proliferation, â€Å"an increase in one state’s security decreases the security of others† (Jervis, 1993 p. 8). The states facing security dilemma are determined by the given factors of their geographic size and location, power of their equipped military and strategy. These factors are expected to manipulate the position of the state in the international system by means of security threats. Security dilemma actively elevates up and down the chances of conflictions between states, hence it shapes balancing strategies. In comprehending the occurrence of nuclear proliferation, it is important to understand the theory on why states pursue nuclear power. In the means of security, constructivist have presented an insight on how to analyse the question of ‘‘How nuclear weapon technology mean different things in different places and times’ (Rogers, lecture), constructivist states that it is challenging to determine with the absence of calculating and the perceiving into giving attention to cultural, social and historical context of the state to how the definition came to assessable. Thus, it is important to develop an understanding of the purpose of WMD in the international system, with the question of why states seek to build nuclear power. Numerous realist and non-realist scholars consider the ‘security model’ as the standard justification for occurrence of nuclear proliferation (Sagan, 1997). According to the security model states will, â€Å"develop nuclear weapons when they face a significant military threat to their security that cannot be met through alternative means. † (1997 p. 54) Established on Waltz’s theory of neo-realism, a limited, although persuasive part of the realist theory; the security model was derived initially from the original thought of balance of power. He puts forward his thought that states involves in competitive strategies for insure of their security and survival. In the short term, it is anticipated that states will weigh against from the changes in relative power that destabilise their position in the global system, externally by unifying with a nuclear armed state or internally by developing nuclear technology themselves. Further looking at the long term, states are likely to develop nuclear arsenals through imitating after observing an effective but also successive strategy attempted by states. Sagan concludes that almost all the judgments to develop nuclear arsenals â€Å"appear to be best explained by the security model† (1997 p. 85). Consequently, the security model addresses a persuasive explanation regarding the theory nuclear proliferation. Three specific models are introduced in explaining the incongruous impact of nuclear proliferation; why states seek to build nuclear weaponry, in Sagon’s article, ‘Why Do States Build Nuclear Weapons? Three Models in Search of a Bomb’ (1997). Security model of ‘nuclear weapons and international threat’ is the first model Sagon introduces. According to the neorealist, the international system is an anarchy which is driven by the threat of nuclear weapons where states are to equip for preparation for conflict. Absence of authority in the system, states can desire to choose to achieve self-help. However in spite of authority, there are strong and weak states that separate which states are capable of obtaining more power through nuclear weapons. The three factors are crucial in the makeup of a strong state, they are; powerful military, economy and politics. As mentioned earlier, security dilemma is a result of proliferation but also in vis a versa producing a chain reaction, Sagon believes that ‘From this perspective, one can envision the history of nuclear proliferation as a strategic chain reaction’ (1997, p. 58). The previous model could not offer the whole explanation which the second model could explain whole reason why states pursue to develop nuclear weapons. The second model is, domestic politics model, it focuses on who encourages and discourage the state government to develop WMD. Within the domestic level Sagon explain that there is also a chain reaction and maps out who governs the state to process of developing nuclear arms, Sagon says, ‘the acquisition of nuclear weapons †¦ is likely to serve the parochial bureaucratic or political interests of at least some individual actors within the state’ (p. 63). In contrast to the security model, the causality is not ‘unidirectional’ (Rogers, 2012 lecture) but further complexity follows as it activates at the level within the state. The last, third model that Sagan study is the norm model which addresses states as unitary actors and it concentrates on norms in reference to the possession of nuclear arsenals. It peruses to apprehend the role of nuclear weapons symbolically and argues that state’s actions are ‘determined by common beliefs about which actions are appropriate in the international community’ (p. 73). As a final point, the last model seeks to envision the forthcoming future for the potential of non-proliferation era. The three models by Sagan have explained and provided a perception on the theatrical justification of nuclear proliferation on the reason behind states would seek nuclear power for the ultimate power for threatening external states. The studies of the three models demonstrated an aspect on how possession of a nuclear weapon can change the system drastically internally and externally through the distortion of the balance of power. Nonetheless, these models have also given the truth about the consequences that ultimate power can be achieved however; nuclear weapons will not necessarily provide or elevate complete state security. In actual fact, this security practice also accompanies insecurity where the contemporary international system in presence of nuclear proliferation it is a challenge not to face security dilemma. The ongoing nuclear proliferation is one of the distress issues in the international system. The movement of the proliferation alters the balance of power between the states creating a possible eruption in the system. An example in the contemporary politics, North Korea has obtained nuclear and missile technology and have directed bomb testing which have intensified the tension between the two Koreas (2009). Moreover, North Korea’s uncertain internal political activities may have created falsifiable knowledge, however this clearly demonstrates the security dilemma in the states surrounding as well as the allied superpowers are caused in the consequences of contemporary proliferation. In 1970, the regime of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) entered the international system which became the central focus in the non-proliferation organisation. It is a prime structure of managing the spread of nuclear weapons in the international system. It is designed and bounded built from expectations by policy makers in solving security dilemma. The NPT operates as a normative regime, the treaty seeks to challenge why or why not state choose to build nuclear weapon but also examines state behaviours and perceptions in the state in accordance to their nuclear power (2000 p. 175). The NPT is influential and conspicuous in shaping the thought of policy makers and leaders of the state to determine whether the state should develop nuclear technology or not, allied or independent or as for energy provision. Most importantly, it determines and suspects the validity of a nuclear armed state as well as their maintenance. Moreover, it is an arrangement between nuclear armed state which have agreed to nuclear materials and technology transmission to a non-nuclear armed state for peaceful determination, then this state obligate themselves to utilise nuclear materials and technology only for peaceful purposes and not dissuade its primary purpose to develop nuclear weapons (Bosch, 2007 p. 16). According to the NPT, the current situation in North Korea and Iran are in the case of being outside of the normative framework. Only those state who act inside the normative framework are reflected as a proper state, states that are outside the framework are considered as an improper state and these states are recognised as ‘rouge states’ (2000 p. 159) From this, it is clear to vision the influential power of NPT in the international system in shaping state’s actions. Various debates have risen in regards to its unbalanced regime by the NPT. In respect to the military rules NPT have regulated a biased and unequal military regime labelled as â€Å"imperial like imbalance† (Kissling 2008, p. 30). It is states that NPT lacks in some aspects of definite responsibility and keeping the timeframe to discharge nuclear weapons. Though NPT is considered influential, its role in accomplishing complete disarmament, negotiations in the international system has not been an effective control. Organisations and treaties such as Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organisation or the Fissile Material Cut off Treaty hardly enacted policies. Primary time of the NPT regime, many states imposed the NPT’s disarmament commitment on nuclear technology through the prevention of aircraft and ship transports holding nuclear materials from entering the state boundaries. However, prohibition of nuclear armaments was infrequently imposed. Thus, lack of strict obligations, have made perpetual actions of nuclear proliferation within the states, including rouge state, which is still persists so far in the contemporary politics. 2008, p. 31) Furthermore the NPT authorized nuclear armed states to conduct ‘peaceful nuclear explosions’ and in military purposes to experiment nuclear weapons, all below level zero. Comprehensive nuclear test ban treaty was finally enacted in 1996 and prohibited these actions of testing or detonating any nuclear weapons. Most importantly, states from NTP that possesses nuclear armaments and non-nuclear armed states have not yet ratified or signed for the NPT. Hence, NPT still lack in the requirements to enter the international force. Consequences of these unresolved of complete disarmament by the NPT or any other non-proliferation regime, the threat of nuclear weapons will continue to rise and sense of fear and insecurity will continually follow The study of the structure, development, and history of the non-proliferation regime, analysing some of conflicting attitude to the issue has led to recognise that this contemporary politics are in a period trapped by the growing dangers. Give the impression that more than ever, the regime of proliferation will continue to arise to be more powerful; however understanding of nuclear behaviour has limits as nuclear power also carries both great senses of security and insecurity for the state (Synder, 2000, p. 189). Nuclear weapon alone carries great amount of complexity. There it challenges external states, policy makers and leaders in determining nuclear armed state’s motivation and its behaviour especially rouge states attaining nuclear arsenals. There are two paths in regards these consequences in the future; a state can strive towards or away from nuclear weapons. Non-proliferation and disarmament will occur as there are perspectives on states denuclearising due to the fall any of politic, economic, and military factors. Proliferation may continue due to the chain reaction of security dilemma encircling insecurity in the international system. Thus this has developed critical thinking on why states still choose to pursue nuclear technology in the contemporary politics. Security models pointed by Sagan are filters to understand the theology of nuclear proliferation. WMD has challenged the thought on international security in the contemporary politics as the studies still haven’t settled with a definite answer of when the complete non-proliferation era will arrive, before then the sense of insecurity through security dilemma will encircle the international system.

Free Essays on Management Accounting - Measue Of Qualitive Plans And Controls

Synopsis Accounting for the qualitative aspects of manager’s plans and controls are vital to the overall assessment of any organisation. A method of measuring the qualitative aspects of a manager’s performance is known as â€Å"responsibility accounting†. Most organisations are divided into smaller sub units or departments. Responsibility accounting refers to ‘tools and concepts used to measure the performance of an organisation’s people and sub units.’ To begin with, each department is assigned a responsibility center. There are four main types of responsibility centers being cost, revenue, profit and investment centers. Once a department is assigned a responsibility center, performance reports can be composed to assess the quality of the manager’s plans and controls. Responsibility accounting can also be used to motivate the managers of the organisations. Management Accounting II Essay Three â€Å"Quantitative models and qualitative models of revenues and costs for evaluation are important for measurement of managerial performance. Given that the ‘traditional’ cost accounting measures are quantitative, how can cost and management accounting begin to assess and ‘measure’ qualitative plans and controls?† In any organisation, the measurement of both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of plans and controls are vital in the process of making management decisions. As stated in the question, traditional approaches to cost and management accounting measure the quantitative aspects of plans and controls. To measure the qualitative aspects of management performance, different approaches must be looked at to assess the plans and controls that the management puts in place. Generally most organisations are divided into smaller units or departments. All of the separate units are assigned distinct responsibilities and each department is made up of individuals who are responsible for different tasks and ... Free Essays on Management Accounting - Measue Of Qualitive Plans And Controls Free Essays on Management Accounting - Measue Of Qualitive Plans And Controls Synopsis Accounting for the qualitative aspects of manager’s plans and controls are vital to the overall assessment of any organisation. A method of measuring the qualitative aspects of a manager’s performance is known as â€Å"responsibility accounting†. Most organisations are divided into smaller sub units or departments. Responsibility accounting refers to ‘tools and concepts used to measure the performance of an organisation’s people and sub units.’ To begin with, each department is assigned a responsibility center. There are four main types of responsibility centers being cost, revenue, profit and investment centers. Once a department is assigned a responsibility center, performance reports can be composed to assess the quality of the manager’s plans and controls. Responsibility accounting can also be used to motivate the managers of the organisations. Management Accounting II Essay Three â€Å"Quantitative models and qualitative models of revenues and costs for evaluation are important for measurement of managerial performance. Given that the ‘traditional’ cost accounting measures are quantitative, how can cost and management accounting begin to assess and ‘measure’ qualitative plans and controls?† In any organisation, the measurement of both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of plans and controls are vital in the process of making management decisions. As stated in the question, traditional approaches to cost and management accounting measure the quantitative aspects of plans and controls. To measure the qualitative aspects of management performance, different approaches must be looked at to assess the plans and controls that the management puts in place. Generally most organisations are divided into smaller units or departments. All of the separate units are assigned distinct responsibilities and each department is made up of individuals who are responsible for different tasks and ...

Biography of Henry Ford, Industrialist and Inventor

Biography of Henry Ford, Industrialist and Inventor Henry Ford was an American  industrialist, the founder of the  Ford Motor Company, and the sponsor of the development of the  assembly line  technique of  mass production. Fast Facts: Henry Ford Known For: American industrialist, founder of the Ford Motor Company.Born: July 30, 1863, Dearborn, Michigan.Parents: Mary Litogot Ahern Ford (1839–1876) and William Ford (1826- 1905) (m. April 21, 1861).Died: April 7, 1947, Dearborn, Michigan.Education: Scotch Settlement School in Dearborn to the 6th grade, apprentice in a machine shop, and general business studies at Bryant Stratton Business University in Detroit.  Published Works: My Life and Work.  Spouse: Clara Jane Bryant (m. 1888–1947).Children: Edsel (November 6, 1893–May 26, 1943). Early Life Henry Ford was born on July 30, 1863, one of eight and the oldest of five that survived to adulthood, of Mary Litogot Ahern and William Ford. William (1826–1905) was an Irish immigrant, born in Clonakilty in County Cork, who fled the Irish potato famine with two borrowed pounds and  a set of carpentry tools. He settled in Detroit where a number of his uncles lived, and quickly accrued land. At three years of age, Mary Litogot Ahern (1839–1876) and her three brothers were orphaned; Mary was adopted by a couple named Margaret and Patrick Ahern. She and William married on April 21, 1861: Marys dowry included 90 acres and after they were married, their sizable farm totaled 250 acres. By the time Henry was born, they were among the most important and wealthy families in Dearborn.   Education Henry was educated in two one-room schoolhouses, the Scottish Settlement School and the Miller School, finishing six grades. The building was eventually moved to Fords Greenfield village and opened to tourists. From his graduation in 1876 Henry worked on his fathers farm but after harvest 1878, he abruptly left, walking off without permission to Detroit where he stayed with his fathers sister Rebecca. He took a job at the streetcar manufacturer Michigan Car Company Works, but was fired after six days and had to return home. In 1879, William got Henry an apprenticeship at the James Flower and Brothers Machine shop in Detroit where he lasted 9 months, leaving for the Detroit Dry Dock Company, pioneers in iron ships and Bessemer steel. Neither job paid him enough to cover his rent, so he took a night job with a jeweler, cleaning and repairing watches.   Henry Ford returned to the farm in 1882, where he operated a small portable steam threshing machine, the Westinghouse Agricultural Engine, for a neighbor. He was very good at it, and over the summers of 1883–1884, he was hired by the company to operate and repair engines made and sold in Michigan and northern Ohio.   Marriage and Future Plans In December of 1885, Ford met Clara Jane Bryant (1866–1950) at a New Years Eve party and they married on April 11, 1888. Ford continued to work the farm- his father gave him an acreage- but his heart was in tinkering and and he clearly had business in mind. Over the winters of 1888-1890, Henry Ford enrolled in Goldsmith, Bryant Stratton Business University in Detroit, where he likely took penmanship, bookkeeping, mechanical drawing, and general business practices. By the early 1890s, Ford was convinced that he could construct a horseless carriage: but he didnt know enough about electricity, so in September 1891, he took a job with the Edison Illuminating Company in Detroit. After his first and only son Edsel was born on November 6, 1893, Ford was promoted to Chief Engineer. By 1896, Edison had built his first working horseless carriage, which he named a quadricyle. He sold it in order to finance work on an improved model- a delivery wagon. On April 17, 1897, Ford applied for a patent for a carburetor, and on August 5, 1899, the Detroit Automobile Company was formed. Ten days later, Ford quit the Edison Illuminating Company.  And on January 12, 1900, the Detroit Automobile Company released the delivery wagon as its first commercial automobile, designed by Henry Ford. Ford Motors Ford incorporated the Ford Motor Company in 1903, proclaiming, I will build a car for the great multitude. In October 1908, he did so, the Model T- Ford numbered his models by the letters of the alphabet, although not all of them made it to manufacture. First priced at $950, over the Model Ts nineteen years of production, its price dipped as low as $280. Nearly 15,000,000 were sold in the United States alone. The Model T heralds the beginning of the Motor Age; Fords innovation was a car evolved from luxury item for the well-to-do to an essential form of transportation for the ordinary man, that that ordinary man could repair and maintain by himself Although contrary to some reports he didnt invent the assembly line, Ford did use it to revolutionize manufacturing processes in the United States. By 1914, his Highland Park, Michigan plant used innovative production techniques to turn out a complete chassis every 93 minutes. This was a stunning improvement over the earlier production time of 728 minutes. Using a constantly-moving assembly line, subdivision of labor, and careful coordination of operations, Ford realized huge gains in productivity, and personal wealth. In 1914, Ford began paying his employees five dollars a day, nearly doubling the wages offered by other manufacturers. He cut the workday from nine to eight hours in order to convert the factory to a three-shift workday. Fords mass-production techniques would eventually allow for the manufacture of a Model T every 24 seconds. His innovations made him an international celebrity. On May 27, 1927, production ended for the Ford Model T. Legacy and Death Ford was a shrewd businessman and very much of a showman, with a fairly thin skin. In 1919 he sued the Chicago Tribune for libel for writing an editorial in which the  Tribune  called him an anarchist and ignorant idealist.  He wrote and rewrote his biography multiple times beginning in 1922, and he sponsored the restoration of an idyllic rural town called Greenfield Village which was built in part to act as a tourist destination celebrating his life and work. Yet, Ford continued to innovate. In 1932, Henry Ford introduced his last engineering triumph: his en block, or one piece, V-8 engine; and on January 13, 1942, he patented a plastic-bodied automobile- a car 30 percent lighter than metal cars. Fords affordable Model T irrevocably altered American society. As more Americans owned cars, urbanization patterns changed. The United States saw the growth of suburbia, the creation of a national highway system, and a population entranced with the possibility of going anywhere anytime. Ford witnessed many of these changes during his lifetime, all the while personally longing for the agrarian lifestyle of his youth. The last few years, Henry Ford visibly slowed down, and on April 7, 1947, he died in his home in Dearborn. Controversy There is unfortunately ample evidence that Ford was a bigot, whose writings include several statements referring to white supremacy. According to a recent article in Quartz, even though he hired black employees and paid them the same as white ones, he was concerned that they and his other workers would be infected by the evil of jazz music, so he suggested that square dancing could be put forward as an alternative place where white people could hang out.   Sources Bryan, Ford R. Clara: Mrs. Henry Ford. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2013.Ford, Henry. My Life and Work. Fords memoir was published several times and with numerous editions, the book was first written, in association with Samuel Crowther, in 1922.Lewis, David L. The Public Image of Henry Ford: An American Folk Hero and His Company. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1976.Pennacchia, Robyn. America’s wholesome square dancing tradition is a tool of white supremacy. Quartz, December 12, 2017.Swigger, Jessica. History Is Bunk: Historical Memories at Henry Fords Greenfield Village. University of Texas, 2008.Wik, Reynold M. Henry Ford and Grass-roots America. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1973.Wood, John Cunningham and Michael C. Wood (eds). Henry Ford: Critical Evaluations in Business and Management, Volume 1. London: Routledge, 2003.

A Review Of Employee Management Systems Information Technology Essay

A Review Of Employee Management Systems Information Technology Essay Nowadays, Employee Management System is being adopted by many sectors in the real world whether it is small or large scale. But currently most of the fast food restaurant does not have this system implement to the website. Thus, the author decided to develop a web-based employee management system for fast food restaurant. The system will be built consists of human resource management function such as leave request, employee report and job application, this function will be integrated to this web-based system. The aim of this project is to design and develop a web based Employee Management System using PHP and MySQL. In this project, a web-based Employee Management System will be developed for Carl’s Fast Food restaurant to manage employee job information, working schedule, leave request, employee report on achievement, training and evaluations. In addition the system will also manage job application information that apply job online by visitor. In this web-based system basica lly it has 4 main users that are administrator, manager, employee and visitor. For employee, manager and administrator they can login to the system through online to perform their different task respectively that available for them, for visitor they can apply job. Where manager can do managerial work such as view/modify/create employee report, in addition it also can approve/deny/view leave request, accept/decline/view interview for job candidate, search for employee information and modify/view employee schedule. Manager can upload a doc file to the administrator, if there is any change about employee and manager information. In addition manager can search for specific employee information, view and print information. In employee, it can request leave and check for leave request whether their leave is approve or deny. Employee also can view working schedule that has been arrange by the manager and search for colleague to view their basic information. Administrator has just a small t ask such as create new user if there is any new employee, manager and administrator. In addition, it also can modify user information and delete user, and download doc file that uploaded by the manager to update the require information. And lastly the visitor can apply job online through the job application This web-based system is important where it can improve the way of managing and keep track of employee information such as leave request, employee performance report and others. Thus, this can determine the success level of the fast food restaurant. 1.1 Company Background Carl’s Fast Food Restaurant is one of the fast food restaurants in Malaysia, located at Cheras, Kuala Lumpur which founded in the year of 2008. This fast food restaurant is relatively similar to another fast food restaurant, which primarily sells french fries, fried chicken, hamburger and soft drinks. The restaurant has a traditional way and manual system of managing their employee information, hence the restaurant itself has the intention to improve the management of their employee. 1.2 Problem Statement One of the problems of the current Carl’s Fast Food restaurant is, they still using the manual way of managing the employee information and records, in term of keeping employee information such as employee leave request, employee report, and employee working schedule.

Homeland Security - Response & Recovery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Homeland Security - Response & Recovery - Essay Example It is then vital that upon actual operation, when all responding personnel come face-to-face with the families of the deceased, to understand that emotions are at their extremes. To assist everyone with this matter, keep in mind that there are five (5) processes or stages involved in dealing with their grief and loss. Remember the acronym DABDA; where D stands for denial, A stands for anger, B stands for bargaining, D stands for depression and A stands for acceptance (Kubler et al, n.d.). The first stage which is denial often makes everybody wonder if the situation really happened and why it did not happen to someone else. Denial makes an individual less perceptive about his or her surroundings and usually cannot relate with continuity because they are still in a state of shock. Most people who undergo this stage wonder if it is still possible to go on because the loss is quite unbearable to think of and survival is out of the question at the moment (Kubler et al, n.d.) The second st age of the psychological process of having to deal with death is anger. When in grief and in despair, a person usually forgets to be rational and throws caution to the wind. Feeling angry about the loss is often displaced to somebody else, making that person a target of emotional outbursts. Anger is a way of trying to reconnect and acknowledging the pain a person is feeling. While it may seem that this strong emotion can go on and on, it will dissipate in time and healing starts to set in. So when someone is angry due to a loss, it is advisable to just let the person rant on because suppressing it will only delay the natural healing process that the grieving person is unconsciously seeking for (Kubler et al, n.d.). The third stage is bargaining. This phase is characterized by asking the question â€Å"What if?† The â€Å"ifs† is the grieving person’s way of saying that he or she really just wants to remain in the past. It is a feeling that craves for the normal pattern of life the person was used to. It is also means to cover the guilty feeling of being alive, while his or her loved one has passed away (Kubler et al, n.d.). After bargaining, the grief stricken individual enters the fourth stage which is depression. This emotion must not be interchanged with the mental disorder depression since losing somebody to death is naturally depressing. Having a mental disorder of depression on the other hand is being saddened or dismayed for no particular reason at all. Depression is a normal feeling a person will have after the death of a loved one that will normally be forgotten after sometime when the healing process is completed (Kubler et al, n.d.). The fifth stage is acceptance. When reality really settles down, a person does not have any choice except to go on for there is nothing anyone can do to change what has happened in the past. While it may seem that the dead loved one is being betrayed by having to live on and continue to enjoy life; the fact is that life must go on. It is about time to start picking up the pieces and being at peace with the knowledge that life must be lived without the presence of the dead loved one (Kubler et al, n.d.).. Having explained the emotional and psychological aspects responders will be encountering at the

Steroid use in sports Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Steroid use in sports - Research Paper Example The underlying question is the source of the opinion that the steroids are crucial in muscle and strength development. The society has played a significant part and this is the reason for the increase in steroid use even among the youths. Like any other drugs, steroids are entirely used for their anticipated results. Through their use, one is able to increase his strength and body conformation within a short period (Harris 59). This is contrary to the natural method of improving one’s body conformation and strength though hard regular exercise. Despite this, use of steroids is usually combined with exercise in order to achieve the desired results. Since the user advocate that its use is not right, they usually take them in their privacy. It is evident that everyone wants to be a winner in everything he undertakes. Numerous records have been put and broken by many. This has been a source of motivation to various persons, who are ready to undertake anything in order to break the records. Furthermore, the returns to the winners are soaring up which have been a motivator for all. The number of youth engaging in the use of steroids has been on the increase and is now becoming an international concern. This is mainly because youths are less aware of the side effects of steroids use. On the other hand, ignorance curiosity led them to using the drug. At their age, many adore fame and recognition and thus they use the drugs in order to have a competitive edge over other athletes. The athletes consume the steroids in many ways. The choice of the method used depends on the urgency of realizing the anticipated results and the side effects of the method. Some of the most commonly used methods include Oral steroids – these steroids are consumed through the mouth in the form of pills or liquid. The steroids are observed to

Prototyping Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Prototyping - Essay Example The system analyst in point of fact constructs a useful structure of the solution throughout design. Prototyping encompasses developing a functional system quickly and reasonably for end user to weigh up. By communicating with the prototype users can search out an improved suggestion of the information requirements. The prototype authorized by the users can be used as a model to build the ultimate system. The prototype is a functioning adaptation of software or an element of the software, but it is intended to be no more than a foundational model. Once prepared, the prototype will be additionally developed until it obeys the rules accurately to user’s requirements. Once the design has been completed, the prototype can be transformed to a sophisticated developed system. The method of developing a foundational design, making use of it, refining it and trying again has been acknowledged an iterative method of systems development for the reason that the steps essential to develop a system can be repetitive over and over again (Laudon & Laudon, 1999). Prototyping is further openly iterative than the traditional life cycle, and it dynamically encourages system design changes. It has been thought that prototyping substitutes unintentional modification with premeditated iteration, with each adaptation more exactly demonstrating user’s requirements (Laudon & Laudon, 1999). The system builder observes all the changes demanded by the user and modify the prototype consequently. After the prototype has been refined, the cycle proceeds to Phase 3. Phase 3 and 4 are continued until the user is pleased. When no more repetitions are necessary, the accepted prototype then turns out to be a functional prototype that provides the ultimate specification for the application. Some times the prototype itself is implemented as the final adaptation of the system (Laudon & Laudon, 1999). Prototype is mainly functional when there is some ambiguity about user

Inventory Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Inventory Management - Essay Example This type of inventory management also enables Toyota to quickly adapt to the demand conditions and prevent wastage of expensive inventory (Monden, 2011). Samsung Electronics is one of the largest consumer electronics manufacturing companies. Samsung follows the Short Cycle Time and Low Inventory in Manufacturing (SLIM) type of inventory management system. It is the largest company, which manufactures digital integrated circuits. The company with the support of Leachman’s consultants had developed the SLIM inventory management technique whereby optimal use of resources gets facilitated. The SLIM inventory system has helped Samsung to calculate cycle times required in individual manufacturing stages and the time required in work in process stage. SLIM inventory systems also allow implementing heuristic algorithms at the factory floor (Leachman, Kang & Lin, 2002). Toyota’s integrated production design system begins with designing the flow of inventory, framing support measures, reducing lot sizes and determining set up time. The next stage in the process is to set up total quality control measures for detecting errors and faults in the production system. The third stage is to prepare the capacity schedule, which involves analyzing the amount of work that can be taken up by individual departments at a time. The integration of goods and services design of Toyota also includes implementing the Kanban system whereby lot sizes are reduced and controlled on the basis of demand pull. Toyota also works with suppliers and vendors for estimating the real time required for goods delivery and communicating the quality related expectations (Berry, Whybark & Jacobs, 2005). The integration process of Samsung’s production system mainly concentrates upon efficient management of targeted cycle times. In order to manage targeted cycle times, it becomes essential to allocate buffer

Childhood Obesity in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Childhood Obesity in the UK - Essay Example As the discussion highlights  the past several decades indicate that the chances and medical science and technology can help to prevent and oftentimes banish entirely diseases such as rickets, mumps, whooping cough, polio, and a litany of others is profound. However, one of the realities that is been noted within the current time with regards to the health and longevity of the population is with respect to the detrimental effect that obesity has upon the health of those affected by it.This essay discusses that  the situation regarding childhood obesity, in the United Kingdom, is reaching and alarming level. Scholars have indicated that roughly one in three children currently living within the United Kingdom can be considered obese. The obvious problem that exists with regards to this is not necessarily due to the fact that these children are merely obese; rather, the problem that exists is due to the fact that children who suffer from obesity facing exponentially higher risk of d eveloping any number of other diseases. These can include but are not limited to diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, and many others.  The issue with childhood obesity, as is oftentimes misunderstood, does not merely go away once the child reaches adulthood. Further studies have indicated that an individual who suffers from childhood obesity is almost invariably going to suffer from adult obesity and likely developed at least one of the prior diseases which a been referenced earlier in this analysis.

Prototyping Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Prototyping - Essay Example The system analyst in point of fact constructs a useful structure of the solution throughout design. Prototyping encompasses developing a functional system quickly and reasonably for end user to weigh up. By communicating with the prototype users can search out an improved suggestion of the information requirements. The prototype authorized by the users can be used as a model to build the ultimate system. The prototype is a functioning adaptation of software or an element of the software, but it is intended to be no more than a foundational model. Once prepared, the prototype will be additionally developed until it obeys the rules accurately to user’s requirements. Once the design has been completed, the prototype can be transformed to a sophisticated developed system. The method of developing a foundational design, making use of it, refining it and trying again has been acknowledged an iterative method of systems development for the reason that the steps essential to develop a system can be repetitive over and over again (Laudon & Laudon, 1999). Prototyping is further openly iterative than the traditional life cycle, and it dynamically encourages system design changes. It has been thought that prototyping substitutes unintentional modification with premeditated iteration, with each adaptation more exactly demonstrating user’s requirements (Laudon & Laudon, 1999). The system builder observes all the changes demanded by the user and modify the prototype consequently. After the prototype has been refined, the cycle proceeds to Phase 3. Phase 3 and 4 are continued until the user is pleased. When no more repetitions are necessary, the accepted prototype then turns out to be a functional prototype that provides the ultimate specification for the application. Some times the prototype itself is implemented as the final adaptation of the system (Laudon & Laudon, 1999). Prototype is mainly functional when there is some ambiguity about user

Childhood Obesity in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Childhood Obesity in the UK - Essay Example As the discussion highlights  the past several decades indicate that the chances and medical science and technology can help to prevent and oftentimes banish entirely diseases such as rickets, mumps, whooping cough, polio, and a litany of others is profound. However, one of the realities that is been noted within the current time with regards to the health and longevity of the population is with respect to the detrimental effect that obesity has upon the health of those affected by it.This essay discusses that  the situation regarding childhood obesity, in the United Kingdom, is reaching and alarming level. Scholars have indicated that roughly one in three children currently living within the United Kingdom can be considered obese. The obvious problem that exists with regards to this is not necessarily due to the fact that these children are merely obese; rather, the problem that exists is due to the fact that children who suffer from obesity facing exponentially higher risk of d eveloping any number of other diseases. These can include but are not limited to diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, and many others.  The issue with childhood obesity, as is oftentimes misunderstood, does not merely go away once the child reaches adulthood. Further studies have indicated that an individual who suffers from childhood obesity is almost invariably going to suffer from adult obesity and likely developed at least one of the prior diseases which a been referenced earlier in this analysis.

Program Budgeting Essay Example for Free

Program Budgeting Essay In the general aspect of organizational management, the leaders and concerned authorities of each organization develop effective means of maximizing and properly allocating the important resources and elements existing in an organization for the benefit of the group. In this aspect, leaders aim to critically analyze and understand the processes involved in the organizational structure, the aims and pursuits of the group, the required costs and the available resources, and the issues in the organizations pursuit of achieving their common interest. In particular to this concern is the development of an effective and efficient budget allocation in terms of the production process of the organization. In this aspect, managers aim to develop an organized and realistic budget to govern the processes of the group for the aim of maximizing their capital and resources towards the achievement of their common goal. In the actual application of budget management, different approaches and strategies are used based specifically on the concern and characteristic of the organization and the process on which it will be applied on. Indeed, each budget target specific issues and concern on the organization on particular perspective such as on the micro, mezzo, or macro level. However, considering the actual application of these budget system, certain organization issues and concepts often hinder this pursuit namely on the political concern. One of which is the actual impact of constrain and limitations in the expenditure and use of resources in the budget to incorporate actual figures. In relation to this issue is the accuracy of the budget projection on the organization on which, certain aspects and field tend to be inconsistent on the concern of the budget. Another large factor also in the application of budget is the impact of the political framework already existing inside the organization. In actual view, the framework of the organization is largely based on political concepts on which, budget adjustments and changes will result significant reaction from this ground. Often, political parties inside the organization tend to react against the proposal as they view this concern to be unjustified and unequal to the general concern. In particular also to this is the impact of the budget allotment to the higher management in which they must also similarly comply with as part of the organization. Another is that other group in terms of political segregation can postulate underlying reasons for the budget application, which are significantly detrimental to the ideal concern of the budget management. Indeed, among also the important concern in the actual application of budget management are the factors of the views, interpretation, and understanding of the organization towards its concern, which are influential to the practice and adherence to the budget, implemented.

Sexism In Womens Professional Sports Media Essay

Sexism In Womens Professional Sports Media Essay Sexism is the belief or mind-set that one sex (usually the male) is innately superior to, more skilled, or more worthy than the other is. It includes all kinds of prejudice, overt or covert, concerning gender. It is the belief that a certain gender is inherently better than the other; therefore, it should be in charge of the most significant spheres of political, financial, and social life. It principally involves detestation of, or bigotry towards whichever gender as a whole or the appliance of stereotypes of masculinity to all men, of femininity to women. Sexism is also known as male and female chauvinism. Sexism has been narrowed down to be described as the practice of dominance of men over women. Sexism is a practice that is held up in various ways such as through language, visual links, media depiction, and stereotyping, particularly based on the maternal/caring role of women. These ways are significant to our socialization into our gender roles, and as a result, it makes this d ominance tolerable in the community. Sexism is such a significant issue because all women go through it in various ways. For example, in the workplace and at home depending on their economic and social situation; it restricts the ways in which women go about actualizing their potential. The Sports organizations are not free from sexism either. This controversy is not a new issue that has risen. Sexism in sports goes as back as sports and sexism itself goes. Sexism in sports dates back to back to B.C.s. Even from as long as 776 B.C., antique Greek prohibited women as contenders and audience from the Olympic Games. Any married woman who was found around the stadium was thrown from a cliff (Borish, 1996). In August 1890, W.S. Franklin declared the creation of a womens professional baseball league. It was required that for one to take part in the league, they must be aged below 21 years, beautiful, and have a gorgeous shape. This was a step forward but was still not sufficient for the women. In the 1900 Olympics edition, in Paris France, was made up of 1308 men and only 11 women, another positive step from primeval Greeks but still not sufficient. Prior to 1916, women were not permitted to attend boxing matches since the sport was viewed to be too violent for the women. In the 1920 Olympics, the judges warned American figure skater Theresa Weld for making jumps that they deemed not lady-like. Before that, it was worse with jumping itself being deemed unlady-like. In early bobsled contests, two of the riders had to be women; however, they were not allowed to drive nor work the bakes. In the 1928 Olympic 800-yard running event, a number of women collapsed, this provoked the then IOC president Compete de Baillet-Latour to attempt to free the games of all womens track contest. In 1936, Avery Brundige, the then chief of the US Olympic Committee remarked, that he was sickened to the ears by women who wanted to participate both as field and track competitors. According to Brundige, they do not have any charm although they are adroit and beautiful, they cannot perform not in the swimming or diving category (Danziger, 1999). He went on to become the chief of the international Olympic committee in 1952. Women track competition longer than 200 meters were ba nned until 1960 when the 800-meter race was re-established. Women were also not permitted at center court for the Italian championship tennis finals before late 1960s. In 1972, the 1500 meters track competition was introduced in the Olympic sports. The womens AAA in the UK barred women from taking part in long-distance road races prior to 1975 when they were allowed. The International Olympic committee declined to allow women to take part in the 3000 meters track event for the 1980 Olympics in Moscow in the USSR, since the event was considered a bit too arduous for women. In the subsequent Olympics games in1984 the 3000 meters race alongside the marathon was added. In 1997, in the US, a womens professional basketball league was started, the Womens National Basketball Association (WNBA). As evidenced by this account, it has it has been a protracted and sluggish battle for women in sports. Sexism was deeply rooted in sports, and the fight against it has truly advanced through the years. On a positive note, however, there is far less offensive and overtly sexist handling of women athletes than it was the situation two or even one decade ago. Undoubtedly, there has been a gender revolt in American sports in recent times (Hargreaves, 2000). Millions of girls participate in sport competitions daily be it in college or professional leagues. Womens athletic ability levels have also done up astronomically over the last two decades in sports ranging from basketball to volleyball, from hockey to soccer etc. There still exists a long and hard journey to go for women athletes to attain the same opportunities and hold up as their male counterparts. Although discrimination of people based on their gender has almost ended in regards to whether sports bodies allow women to participate in some sports games, more need to be done to improve the way sports commentators and the general population characteristically speak of women athletes. The media and sponsors are also guilty of prop agating sexism in sports. For example, the overall coverage of womens sports has gone down to ridiculously low levels. It is time for the news media and the sports shows to up the tempo to be able to keep pace with this revolution. It is a fact that women in professional sports have never been entirely supported, either fiscally (by sponsors) or psychologically (by the media and the fans). Women have tried hard to get reorganization and respected by governing bodies. The media and public need to change their sexist outlook; this will enable sexism in sports to be wiped out. Just this year, two leading British soccer radio commentators, were relieved of their jobs a day after being taken off the air for making sexist remarks about a female assistant match official during the English premier league duel between Wolves and Liverpool. The duo requeted that a person should go to the field to show the dumb women what was meant by the offside rule. Women do not know what it is, asserted one. Certainly not, the second one concurred. Britains Sky Sports, Richard Keys, and Andy Gray were criticizing the work of the linesman Sian Massey, and they were aware that they were on air. Then as if that was not sexist enough, they laughed about the policy of West Ham United concerning sexism in football. Keys and Gray asked each other rhetorical remarks that were aimed at lowering the morale of Karen and never thought of what she would feel. Now this could be disguised as humor; however, it is also true that jokes at a persons race, or gender expense are a mask of anger t o that persons race, or gender. The words of sports commentators and sports shows hosts, repeated many times by different commentators in the same or similar manner, just like propaganda, provide a theoretical frame for the sports experience. This abstract frame is of interest since the fans often relate it even to non-athletic situations. In Wimbledon, it is a widely known that the scheduling of women tennis at the central court is mostly based on looks rather than prowess. In fact, the reason why female tennis is so popular has everything to do with the sex appeal of the female players and little (if at all anything) to do with their ability to play tennis (not to say they are not good players but to say their abilities are ignored). Marketers of female tennis sell its sex appeal rather than the skill of the athletes. Furthermore, it is an open secret that the world over, more importance is attached to men sports. Media coverage in general is better for male leagues and tournaments than female ones. Even the cost of courtside tickets for NBA vis-Ã  -vis that of the WNBA points to this. It costs more to attend NBA matches that WNBA matches. This is a testament to the fact that more value is attached to mens sports. The media, as an institution, is guilty of perpetuating sexism in tennis and sports in general. Media gives more emphasis on male sports compared to female sports. This, they claim, is because more men attracted to sports than women are. This is not true, and the assertion is contradicted by facts. Nationwide statistics point toward the fact that women make up to 38% to 42% of all sport and physical activity contestants. Nonetheless, study indicates that female sports get roughly 6% to 8% of the entirety sports coverage. According to the Amateur Athletic Foundation of Los Angeles (2000), the main factor that plays a part in deciding what sports gets coverage in newspapers is the interests of the editor; the number of sports covered grew when the ability of women in sports was devalued. The media also perpetuate sexism in sports by depicting female athletes as feminine and sexually attractive. From a traditional perspective, it is easy to say there is nothing wrong with portraying wom en in general as attractive. However, female athletes surely warrant equal acknowledgment for their sporting capabilities as male athletes. When a female athlete appears in a sport periodical or an ad to market in a sport she ought to be portrayed with respect as is male athletes, an accomplished athlete. Another problem for depicting sexual images of female athletes is the fact that images are very influential and form as well as mirror attitudes and values (Birrell and Cole, 1994). Depicting female athletes as sexual beings, or pretty sends the message that they are not greatly skilled as athletes. Depictions that overlook or belittle females athletic abilities dent the significance of womens sports and esteem for the skills of sportswomen (Fields, 2005). The use of sexist imagery to sell female sports by advertisers, promoters, and the media in general sells the athletes not as so, but as sex objects. Instead of fans going to matches to see the sporting prowess of the contestants , they go there to see the pretty ladies, they were promised in the promotions. The media and the promoters might argue that the selling of sexy images of females in general works. Of course, if it did not work they would not do it. The underlying argument would be that this is what their target market wants. This argument would be an astonishing insensitivity to the detrimental results of sexism. The sports media and the advertising industry have a responsibility of not perpetuating destructive and restrictive images to the society. The same This is what the target market wants and, This is what works or sells would not be acceptable if the images portrayed are racist or anti-Semitic. The fact that pornography sells and might be what they want to consumers does not make it any more acceptable. This argument is obviously unacceptable.

tribute to the nice guys :: essays research papers

this is a tribute to the nice guys. The nice guys that finish last, that never become more than friends, that endure hours of whining and bitching about what assholes guys are, while disproving the very point. This is dedicated to those guys who always provide a shoulder to lean on but restrain themselves to tentative hugs, those guys who hold open doors and give reassuring pats on the back and sit patiently outside the changing room at department stores. This is in honor of the guys that obligingly reiterate how cute/beautiful/smart/funny/sexy their female friends are at the appropriate moment, because they know most girls need that litany of support. This is in honor of the guys with open minds, with laid-back attitudes, with honest concern. This is in honor of the guys who respect a girl’s every facet, from her privacy to her theology to her clothing style. This is for the guys who escort their drunk, bewildered female friends back from parties and never take advantage once they’re at her door, for the guys who accompany girls to bars as buffers against the rest of the creepy male population, for the guys who know a girl is fishing for compliments but give them out anyway, for the guys who always play by the rules in a game where the rules favor cheaters, for the guys who are accredited as boyfriend material but somehow don’t end up being boyfriends, for all the nice guys who are overlooked, underestimated, and unappreciated, for all the nice guys who are manipulated, misled, and unjustly abandoned, this is for you. This is for that time she left 40 urgent messages on your cell phone, and when you called her back, she spent three hours painstakingly dissecting two sentences her boyfriend said to her over dinner. And even though you thought her boyfriend was a chump and a jerk, you assured her that it was all ok and she sho uldn’t worry about it. This is for that time she interrupted the best killing spree you’d ever orchestrated in GTA3 to rant about a rumor that romantically linked her and the guy she thinks is the most repulsive person in the world. And even though you thought it was immature and you had nothing against the guy, you paused the game for two hours and helped her concoct a counter-rumor to spread around the floor.